fix(nwis): forward get_record state, fix major-filter validation, reject bad format

[thodson-usgs]

Summary

Several fixes in the (deprecated) nwis module, all surfaced by the package review.

1. get_record(state=…) was a dead parameter — accepted and documented, but never forwarded. get_record(state="OH", service="site") silently ignored it and, with no sites, failed with a confusing "Bad Request." Now forwarded as the NWIS stateCd major filter.

2. The "must specify a major filter" validation was defeated. The getters injected the filter key unconditionally (e.g. kwargs["sites"] = kwargs.pop("sites", sites) set sites=None when absent), so the membership-based guards in query_waterservices / query_waterdata always passed and a filterless request went out as a confusing "Bad Request" instead of the intended TypeError. Fixed once at the chokepoints: the major-filter guards now require a filter that is present and non-None. (utils.query already strips None-valued params before the request, so this is purely a validation change — no per-getter pre-filtering needed.)

3. format= collided / was silently overridden. get_dv / get_iv / get_discharge_peaks / get_stats each parse a fixed response body but passed format= explicitly alongside **kwargs, so e.g. get_dv(sites=…, format="rdb") raised TypeError: got multiple values for 'format'. A caller-supplied non-native format is now rejected with a clear ValueError via a shared _reject_unexpected_format helper (json for dv/iv, rdb for peaks/stats).

4. get_ratings is per-site. Called without a site it issued a request that returned an unhelpful error page; it now fails fast with a clear TypeError (also covers get_record(service="ratings")).

Verification (no network)

get_dv()                       -> TypeError: ...must specify a major filter   (was: Bad Request)
get_dv(sites=…, format="rdb")  -> ValueError: get_dv returns JSON ...         (was: multiple values for 'format')
get_record(state="OH", ...)    -> forwards stateCd="OH"                       (was: silently dropped)
get_ratings()                  -> TypeError: ...requires a `site`             (was: Bad Request page)

Regression tests added for each. Full nwis suite passes; ruff and mypy --strict clean.

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